Blogs

An enzyme is a biological catalyst that is usually a protein but could be RNA. The point of a catalyst is to increase the speed with which a reaction ...

A single-domain antibody (sdAb), also known as a Nanobody, is an antibody fragment consisting of a single monomeric variable antibody domain. Like a w...

Gene regulation refers to the mechanisms that control the activity of genes. It involves the processes that determine whether a gene is transcribed in...

1. Bacterial ContaminationRapid-growing, often visible within 24–48 hoursCauses turbidity, pH changes (medium turns yellow), and cell deathCommon sour...

Cellular heterogeneity is a hallmark of nearly all biological processes. Whether studying immune responses, tumor development, organogenesis, or neuro...

Alpha-2-Glycoprotein 1 (aZGP1) is a zinc-binding glycoprotein that plays a significant role in immune modulation, cell signaling, and inflammatory res...

Autoantibodies are immunoglobulins (mainly IgG, IgM, or IgA) produced by B cells that mistakenly recognize self-antigens as foreign. Their presence us...

A normal antibody binds to one target like a lock fitting one key. A bispecific antibody is made to fit two keys. This means it can:Connect two diffe...

Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a key regulatory protein in the cytokine signaling network. It modulates JAK–STAT pathways by dampening ...